Omni-directional microphones: These mics will capture incoming sound from all directions. This means that these mics would probably be ideal from such practices as recording ambient sound, sound scapes, backgrounds. They would also most probably be good for recording chorus and vocals because the mic will receive all the information from around the space.
Uni-directional microphones: These will capture sound from only one direction. The most common of these are called cardiods because the pick-up pattern of the mic resembles the shape of a heart. These are most commonly used for foley work and for sound technicians because these mics allow for a very concentrated and specific isolated sound.
Bi-directional microphones: These will capture sound evenly from the two parallel sides and were most commonly used for classic radio journalism where the interviewer would sit on one side of the mic while the interviewee would sit on the other.
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